Signs of Autism Spectrum Disorder

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) can be identified by challenges in social communication and interaction, along with restricted or repetitive behaviors. Signs often appear in early childhood, though they can vary widely in severity and presentation.

Some keys signs of ASD:

1. Social Communication & Interaction

  • Limited eye contact or avoiding it altogether

  • Not responding to their name by around 9 months

  • Delayed speech or language skills, or loss of previously acquired words

  • Difficulty starting or maintaining conversations

  • Limited use of gestures (e.g., not waving goodbye)

  • Trouble understanding facial expressions, tone of voice, or social cues

  • Preference for being alone or difficulty forming friendships

2. Restricted or Repetitive Behaviors

  • Repetitive movements such as hand-flapping, rocking, or spinning

  • Echolalia (repeating words or phrases)

  • Strong need for routines and distress when routines change

  • Intense or obsessive interests (e.g., trains, numbers, specific topics)

  • Fascination with parts of objects (like wheels) rather than the whole

  • Unusual reactions to sensory input (hypersensitivity or indifference to sounds, lights, textures, or pain)

3. Other Associated Characteristics

  • Delayed motor skills or clumsiness

  • Unusual eating or sleeping habits

  • Heightened anxiety or emotional reactions

  • In some cases, co-occurring conditions such as ADHD or epilepsy

Autism Across the Lifespan

  • Signs usually appear by ages 2–3

  • Adults may show traits like difficulty with small talk, preference for routines, or masking behaviors (suppressing traits to fit in socially).

  • Autism is lifelong, but early support and intervention can significantly improve quality of life.

it is important to note that not every autistic person will show all these signs, and some non-autistic individuals may display similar traits. Diagnosis requires a professional evaluation that considers the full developmental history and behavior patterns.

Let us know if you need help with diagnosis.

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Understanding ABA (for parents and caregivers)